PARP1 and cancer: The expression level of PARP-1 in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is elevated compared to normal tissues, thus establishing a strong association between parthanatos and these cancers (Harraz et al., 2008; Fong et al., 2009; Galia et al., 2012; Dorsam et al., 2018; Pazzaglia and Pioli, 2019).