INS and sarcopenia: Sarcopenia is mainly related to nutrition, exercise, hormones, inflammation, oxidative stress, immune disorders, neuropathy, hypoglycemia, multiple medications, mitochondrial abnormalities, lipid accumulation, insulin resistance, muscle satellite cells, glycosylation, pyrosis, apoptosis, autophagy, motor neuron degeneration, imbalance of muscle protein synthesis and catabolism, imbalance of cytokine dynamic regulation, genetic factors, and so on (Hashimoto et al. 2023; Kalinkovich and Livshits 2017; Larsson et al. 2019).