ADCYAP1 and plasma cell myeloma: Furthermore, our findings were supported by another study, which indicated that PACAP38 exhibits dual actions in multiple myeloma: it could both attenuate the injury inflicted by multiple myeloma-derived light chains on renal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit the growth of multiple myeloma cells (Li et al., 2006; Arimura et al., 2006).