In addition, immunological testing is an important auxiliary method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of HAE, and the immunopurified natural antigen 2β-methoxy-2-deethoxyphantomolin (Em2) has good sensitivity (89.3%) and specificity (98%) for vesicular schistosomiasis, whereas HCC often causes an increase in alphafetoprotein (AFP) (10, 11) (Appendix Table 1). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.