However, GPER1 can activate additional mediators of cell survival, such as extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), ELK1, CREB, and FOS (30, 31) that may be involved in IGFBP-3 induction upon Ful treatment in breast cancer cells. Here, GPER1 is linked to breast carcinoma.