Levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IP-10, monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG) and monocytechemoattractant protein-1 α (MIP1α) were also elevated in CTEPHpatients, while in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients,only MIG and IP-10 were significantly increased [99, 100]. Here, CCL3 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.