TNF and neoplasm: Interaction between IL‐12 and tumor‐associated macrophages has been observed to rapidly induce a transition from a tumor‐promoting anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype (characterized by production of IL‐10, MCP‐1, and TGFβ), to an anti‐tumor proinflammatory M1 phenotype with increased production of TNF‐α, IL‐15, and IL‐18 [101].