VEGF stimulation caused increased HIF1α expression and glycolysis in pancreatic cancer.60 In this study, growth factors, such as TGFβ, EGF, IGF1, and VEGF, converge on the transcription factor SIX1 to stimulate glycolytic gene expression and glycolysis through ERK-dependent SIX1 phosphorylation. Here, TGFB1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.