VEGFA and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Conversely, in non-nervous system cancers, including liver cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer, EYA4 serves as a tumor suppressor.44 EYA4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth, invasion and metastasis by repressing c-myc binding protein (MYCBP), the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/RAS-related protein 1 (Rap1) signaling pathway, or the c-Jun/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway.50–52 It remains unclear whether EYA4 or other EYA proteins regulates glycolysis.