Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a genetic bone marrow failure, typically associated with mutations in genes responsible for ribosome biogenesis.7,8 Less than half of the patients respond to steroids, the primary treatment option, and the only definitive cure is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.7,8,42 In our study, we observed that treatment with BRAFi led to the formation of larger erythroid colonies in PBMCs from DBA patients with RPL5 or RPL11 mutations (Fig. 7a, b). The gene discussed is RPL5; the disease is Bone marrow hypocellularity.