Additional MR analyses were performed to assess for causal effects of continuous exposures representing DM-related factors, including average blood glucose (exposure variable: glycated haemoglobin level (HbA1c)), insulin signalling (exposure variable: fasting insulin level) and obesity (exposure variable: body mass index (BMI)) on IPF (outcome). This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.