In non-small cell lung cancer, TP53 mutations alter relevant genes involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and damage repair, thus promote the expression of PD-L1, increase the binding of PD-L1 and the receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and ultimately cause immunosuppression.[30] Although pulmonary nodules and tumors are different conditions, they share significant similarities and associations. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.