TGFB1 and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: Takabayashi et al found that the number of MCs of different phenotypes in CRS patients was higher than that in the control group, while the increase in the number of MCs in CRSwNP patients was more obvious, confirming that MCs are significantly associated with the occurrence of nasal polyps.[34] M2 macrophages can participate in the CRSwNP tissue remodeling process by affecting the production of TGF-β and interacting with it.