Earlier it was shown that TGF‐β‐mediated stimulation of infection was dependent on a complete TGF‐β signalling pathway and that when T. cruzi attached to epithelial cells lacking TGF‐ β receptor I or II, the parasites could neither penetrate or replicate in these cells, from which it was speculated that the parasite itself might trigger activation of the TGF‐β signalling pathway; more recently Waghabi et al. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.