CD163 and lobular neoplasia: Urinary CD163 begins to rise 6 months before the onset of LN and is not only closely related to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and renal histopathological changes but also reflects the effectiveness of treatment (Mejia-Vilet et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020; Gupta et al., 2021), making it an excellent and non-invasive marker during LN follow-up.