AIF1 and infection: To determine if this injury persisted or recovered after viral clearance and recovery from infection, quantitative immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of neurons (NeuN), activated myeloid cells (Iba1-positive) and activated astrocytes (GFAP-positive) at 42 dpi revealed severe injury in the cornu ammonis, region 3 (CA3) of the hippocampus with persistent inflammatory response, including increased GFAP expression, increased activated myeloid cells, and decreased numbers of neurons when compared with mock-infected animals [Figs. S1(F) and S1(G) in the Supplementary Material].