GCG and memory impairment: Sitagliptin: ✔️Improved memory function: Counteracted memory impairment in the contextual fear conditioning test, indicating improved memory-related behavioral paradigms. ✔️Decreased the number and total area of βAPP and Aβ deposits Increased GLP-1 levels. ✔️Reduced nitrosative stress and neuroinflammation within the brain. ✔️Dose-dependent effects were much more evident at the highest dose of 20 mg/kg sitagliptin.