RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; FLI: Fatty liver index; U/S: Ultrasound; L/S ratio: Liver-to-spleen attenuation ratio; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; IU: International unit; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4 score. The gene discussed is GPT; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.