TMEM18 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For obesity traits, the genetic effects on BMI or weight were attenuated with increased age towards zero for all variants (near TMEM18, TFAP2B, EFR3B, SEC16B, FTO, and additionally, HMGN4 for weight) except for the variant near APOE. This pattern was consistent with previous work from the GIANT consortium that identified 11 loci with smaller genetic effect sizes on BMI among older compared to younger adults using age-stratified GWAS meta-analyses on cross-sectional data [14].