TGF-β stimulates various signaling pathways, such as Wnt, EGFR/RAS, ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt, and also modulates the function of platelet-derived growth factor receptor B (pDFGFR- β) to promote BC EMT, migration, metastasis, and differentiation [91]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to breast cancer.