Although, the study also found that overexpression of Mb-TNF-α on BC cells led to a significant increase in the production of surface PD-L1 through the TNFR2/p38/NF-κB-p65/Akt pathway; this ultimately hindered the effectiveness of PD-1 expressing CAR T cells in eliminating cancer. Here, TNFRSF1B is linked to cancer.