Moreover, in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) model of ccRCC expressing CD133 (ccRR-CD133+CSC), binding of TNF-α and/or R2TNF (a TNFR2 selective mutein agonist) to TNFR2 significantly phosphorylated VEGFR2, PI3K, Akt, and mTORC at amino acids Y1059, Thr308, Ser2448, and p110β respectively. Here, PROM1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.