JAK2 is also significantly upregulated in NEC intestinal tissue.89 MYD88 has been shown to activate JAK2 and STAT signaling, thereby miRs targeting both MYD88 and JAK2 may result in the downregulation of several key inflammatory genes, most notably, IL-6 and IL-1β.90 Thus, much of the cellular signaling and inflammatory response may be multi-targeted by HM EV miR cargo, with the abundant miRs conserved between HM donors (Table S4). Here, IL1B is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.