IL1B and Sepsis: In response to danger signals, such as pathogenic bacteria and its outer membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS), pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, along with other cytokines, is upregulated in both antigen-presenting and epithelial barrier cells.15 While multiple inflammasome blocking strategies have been trialed in animal models, inhibition of IL-1β and IL-18, two markers of pyroptosis, have conferred protection against sepsis.15,16