TNF and mastitis: In this study, we found that SAMC suppressed the secretion of IL-6 as well as Il6, Tnf, Cxcl1, and Ccl2 mRNA levels induced by LPS in HC11 cells (Fig. 1c), suggesting that SAMC is a key component of AGE that modulates the immune response in an in vivo mastitis model (Supplementary Fig. S1).