IER2 and cancer: Not surprisingly, an overwhelming number of the top 25 upregulated DEGs are known to promote cancer metastasis and invasion (Crip1, Gfap, Sparcl1, Tmsb4x, Apoe, Ier2, Sparc, Cpe, Fabp5, Cdk2ap1, Jpt1, Vim, Ckb)52–64, NSC/GSC maintenance (Id1, Id3, Hes5, Gfap, Lgals1, Sparcl1, Tmsb4x, Fos)54,65–71, and/or resistance to chemotherapy (Crip1, Gfap, Apoe, Mt1, Mt3, Lgals1)64,69,72–74 (Fig. 9f).