HK2 and breast cancer: For example, small molecule inhibitors developed for the glycolytic pathway, such as the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor Bay-876 and the hexokinase (HK2) inhibitor Benserazide (Benz) [15–17], as well as Ab3-810, a monoclonal antibody targeting glutamine transporter 5 (SLC1A5), and metformin, a drug targeting mitochondrial complex I, can activate AMPK, thereby inhibiting the growth, survival, and metastasis of various tumor cells such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and pancreatic cancer [18–20].