Total COPD-related healthcare cost (including the index consultation and 6-month follow-up period) was £294.14 (SD=£906.15) per patient in the CRP-guided group and £287.33 (SD=£673.70) per patient in the usual-care group, with no evidence of statistical difference (95% CI −£116.49 to £130.11, p=0.505; see figure 1). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.