For the few microbes that are regulated in patients with HBV infection, their dysregulation is strongly associated with decreased cellular activity, on the other hand, when upregulation occurs, the increase of cytokines CCL28 and CCL26 are observed, and IL-6 and IL-10 are suppressed in the presence of microbes in the pathobiome of gastrointestinal infection.74 This evidence concerns the gene CCL26 and digestive system infectious disorder.