Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with risk variants in the human genome and dysbiosis in the microbiome, with several susceptibility genes linked to autophagy regulation such as ATG16L1 or microbial sensors that activate autophagy such as NOD2. The commensal B. fragilis, delivers immunomodulatory molecules to immune cells through outer membrane vesicles, ATG16L1-deficient dendritic cells do not induce regulatory T-cells (Treg) to suppress mucosal inflammation causing inflammation.17 This evidence concerns the gene ATG16L1 and inflammatory bowel disease.