Therefore, serum PSA is an organ specific marker that can be elevated in benign prostate diseases such as inflammation and prostate enlargement in addition to PCa.5,6 The majority of men with elevated PSA levels and/or suspicious digitorectal examination (DRE) of prostate underwent transrectal (systematic) template biopsy (BX) in the first decades after the introduction of the PSA to confirm the PCa diagnosis and initiate treatment. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.