In a study in which 40 patients undergoing robot-assisted urological surgery were randomly divided into two groups [19], one of which received combined general-epidural anesthesia and the other general anesthesia alone, there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative AKI, but postoperative plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin concentrations were significantly lower in the combined general-epidural anesthesia group. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.