Co-culture experiments with MC-LR-exposed CRC cells and macrophages showed that inhibiting the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway with 4μ8 C and blocking hexokinase activity with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) suppressed M2 macrophage-induced CRC cell migration, colony formation, and polarization [62]. Here, ERN1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.