TNF and coinfection: We had several primary findings, including that 9.2% of HHCs had an antigen-specific TNF and IL-2 response, yet no response by QFT-Plus IFN-γ; aerosolized Mtb exposure was associated with IL-2 and IFN-γ, but not TNF, in HHCs; and HIV co-infection in the index was associated with IFN-γ responses, but not IL-2 or TNF responses in HHCs.