Next, sequential analyses of gene expression in matched pre- and post-treatment samples (n=60) also showed higher IFN-γ gene signature and TLS-gene signature in the post-treatment samples (Fig. S5a–b) and differential gene expression (DEG) analysis showed upregulation of genes including CD8A, Granzyme K (GZMK), CXCL13, CCL19, CCR7, and PDCD1 (Fig. S5c) suggest a pro-inflammatory change in the tumor immune microenvironment following ICT-based therapy. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.