Specific blood immune cell populations that changed on the AD were identified using LMEMs, revealing a significant decrease in CD14+ cells (total monocytes), CD14+CD16- cells (classical monocytes), CD14+CD16+ cells (intermediate monocytes), CD8+ PD-1+ T cells, CD4+ PD-1+ T cells, CD8+CD40+ T cells, and CD4+ CD40+ T cells in those randomized to the AD but not the WD arm (Fig. 3). Here, CD4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.