It facilitates the expression of multiple pro-tumor cytokines (including MCP-1, CXCR4, IL-6, and IL-8), mediates tumor angiogenesis, and may further promote cancer cell proliferation by stimulating the release of PGE2, thus contributing to the development of bladder cancer and chemotherapy resistance (71). Here, CXCL8 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.