In a clinical report on invasive bladder cancer, researchers found that the location of endothelial Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domain protein-1 (EPAS-1)/hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) expression was identified mainly in TAMs, which is positively correlated with the expression of VEGF (36). This evidence concerns the gene EPAS1 and urinary bladder carcinoma.