In addition to OSA, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, and bronchialasthma are associated with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea [57-59].Estimated GFR based on serum cystatin C (eGFRcys), N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP),and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), which reflect the pathophysiology of thesediseases, showed no significant differences between genotypes (Table 5). This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and chronic kidney disease.