TNF and colitis: Decreased the expression of colonic TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 in DSS-induced mouse colitis. Reduced the secretion of TNF-a, IL-1b, and IL-6 in macrophages stimulated by LPS in vitro. Downregulated the expression of Ccl19, Cd19, Cd22, Cd40, and Cxcr5 genes in mice colon.