GSS and Alzheimer disease: Compared with the ID group, the expression levels of Long-chain fatty-acid–CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4), Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2), Glutathione synthetase (GSS), and Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase GPX4 (GPX4) were elevated in the urinary exosomes of the AD group (Table 1).