GCG and alkaline phosphatase measurement: As depicted in Table 4, exenatide exhibited the broadest spectrum, with a total of 8 potential signals indicating GLP-1 RA-induced AP, ranging from pancreatic abscess (ROR 4.20, 95% CI 1.03–17.03) to pancreatic phlegmon (ROR 84.53, 95% CI 21.86–326.90).