In recent years, numerous studies have indicated that certain components of CHM have effects such as modulating insulin resistance (Dai et al., 2022), regulating lipid metabolism (Yang J. M. et al., 2019), anti-inflammation (Lan T. et al., 2021) and antioxidant (Fan et al., 2023), offering new perspectives for the treatment of NAFLD. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.