GCG and atherosclerosis: KEGG pathway suggested (Fig. 7B) that proteins of the co-regulated features were mainly involved in the metabolic pathway, carbon metabolism, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, glucagon signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, HIF-1α signal pathway, etc. To further elucidate the interplay between pathways and hub genes, a pathway network analysis was performed (Fig. 7C).