Apart from JEV, we have adopted another representative RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), to investigate the role of sRNF5-sABHD16A in regulating sIFITM1 against virus infection, since the budding of VSV virions from cell surface has been shown not to require glycoprotein, thus leading to the development of recombinant viruses in which the VSV glycoprotein gene was replaced with genes encoding GFP (40, 41). This evidence concerns the gene ART4 and viral infectious disease.