There were 48% of AIS patients with significantly decreased ESR1 expression in concave paraspinal muscle progenitor cells (convex/concave>1.5 folds), while patients with more asymmetrical ESR1 expression showed more hypoplastic paraspinal muscle and fatty infiltration on the concave side, and more severe scoliotic deformity. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is androgen insensitivity syndrome.