ESR1 and scoliosis: However, patients in the ESR1 asymmetry group showed significantly more severe scoliosis (Cobb angle, 69.6 ± 19.2 vs. 54.4 ± 14.2 degrees, p = 0.041), more decreased concave paraspinal muscle CSA (bilateral muscle CSA ratio, 1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 2.4 ± 1.8, p = 0.015), and more increased concave FC% (bilateral FC% ratio, 0.5 ± 0.1 vs. 0.6 ± 0.2, p = 0.034) than those in the ESR1 symmetry group (Table 2 and Figure 2).