Interestingly, ubiquitinated αS was primarily associated with p129-αS species, which constitute more than 90% of the insoluble αS species in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) brains, and are modified by mono-, di-, or, to a lesser extent, poly-ubiquitin (Anderson et al., 2006; Hasegawa et al., 2002; Tofaris et al., 2003). This evidence concerns the gene UBA52 and Lewy body dementia.