Currently, with the further development of immunotherapy, more and more clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been conducted, among which programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1), PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) inhibitors have achieved success in the treatment of ESCC. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.