AKT1 and Down syndrome: Furthermore, cepharanthine has been found to inhibit the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by modulating the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways [18], and it also inhibits severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by regulating the PI3K/Akt, relaxin, VEGF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways [19].