NPY and sarcopenia: The clinical importance of our observation is that identifying patients with a lower preoperative serum NPY concentration (<661.7 pg/mL) is likely to be useful as a biomarker in the early identification of patients with a lower survival probability, an increased risk of perioperative complications (Table 2), a greater nutritional risk (3 months after surgery), and a greater likelihood of unplanned weight loss, postoperative sarcopenia (lower calf circumference at 3-month visit, Table 1), lower HGS, and deterioration in everyday functioning (e.g., IADL score).