TNF and colitis: HFD feeding resulted in colitis: it elevated myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels, NF-κB activation (p-p65/p65), and NF-κB+CD11c+ cell number and decreased IL-10 and SIRT1 levels and AMPK activation (p-AMPK/AMPK) in the colon (Figure 9 and Supplementary Figure S8).