SCFAs reduce intestinal inflammation markers and stimulate the release of peptide YY and Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), both of which have anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects [113,114] Rampelli et al. found that diets high in fat and carbohydrates or proteins were associated with an increased risk of obesity and a low diversity gut microbiota, rich in obesogenic bacteria like Prevotella, Dorea, and Bacteroides. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.