EBP and endocarditis: They can secrete virulence factors such as gelatinase, cytolysin, and secreted antigen A, as well as cell surface factors such as pili (pilA, pilB, and endocarditis and biofilm-associated pili (Ebp)), microbial surface components that recognize adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), and aggregation substances (ASs) that, together, have important roles in microbial adhesion and aggregation [27].