In a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced by a high-fat and high-sugar diet in combination with a single low-dose streptozotocin, PSO intervention (1.84 g/kg) decreased fasting blood glucose, TG, and TC levels, increased insulin levels, activated glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) expression, and restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.