INS and atherosclerosis: Simvastatin, a statin that inhibits the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, is used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease [49], and liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 (glucagon-like Peptide-1) analog that enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells [50], have both been investigated for their potential to alleviate VIPN in rodent models.