In men with serum PSA levels up to 3.0 ng/mL and suspicious DRE findings, we observed an increase in significant PCa from 20% when serum PSA ranged from 0.7 and 2.0 ng/mL, and 28% when it ranged from 2.1 to 3.0 ng/mL. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.